- A.Three intensity levels of channel coverage — intensive (everywhere), selective (chosen retailers), exclusive (one per territory) — each suited to different products.
- B.Disputes between members of a distribution channel — vertical (manufacturer vs retailer), horizontal (retailer vs retailer), or multi-channel (online vs physical) — that disrupt distribution and require management.
- C.The final delivery from distribution center to customer — the most expensive segment of logistics, with growing customer expectation for speed and convenience. ✓
- D.The final delivery from distribution center to customer — the most expensive segment of logistics, with growing customer expectation for speed and convenience.
Last-Mile Logistics is the final delivery from distribution center to customer — the most expensive segment of logistics, with growing customer expectation for speed and convenience. The other options describe related but distinct concepts in Distribution & Place — see the deep-dive guide for the full distinction.
How to think about questions like this
Last mile is 40-60% of total logistics cost and rising customer-expectation pressure. Questions like this test whether you can distinguish Last-Mile Logistics from neighboring concepts. The most common trap is choosing a closely-related concept that sounds similar but applies in a different context.
When you see a definition question on an exam, do two things: (1) translate the question into your own words, then (2) generate the answer in your own words before reading the options. This avoids the cognitive bias of recognizing a familiar phrase as correct just because it is familiar.