QPractice question
Which of the following best describes McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y?
  1. A.Herzberg distinguished hygiene factors (cause dissatisfaction if absent) from motivators (cause satisfaction if present) — the two operate independently.
  2. B.Two opposing assumptions about workers — Theory X assumes laziness and need for control; Theory Y assumes self-direction and capability — that shape management style. ✓
  3. C.Hersey & Blanchard's model: leadership style should adjust based on the follower's development level — directing, coaching, supporting, or delegating.
  4. D.Two opposing assumptions about workers — Theory X assumes laziness and need for control; Theory Y assumes self-direction and capability — that shape management style.
Why this answer:

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y is two opposing assumptions about workers — Theory X assumes laziness and need for control; Theory Y assumes self-direction and capability — that shape management style. The other options describe related but distinct concepts in Management & Organization — see the deep-dive guide for the full distinction.

How to think about questions like this

Management style flows from underlying assumptions about people. Questions like this test whether you can distinguish McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y from neighboring concepts. The most common trap is choosing a closely-related concept that sounds similar but applies in a different context.

When you see a definition question on an exam, do two things: (1) translate the question into your own words, then (2) generate the answer in your own words before reading the options. This avoids the cognitive bias of recognizing a familiar phrase as correct just because it is familiar.

Editor's note Want a deeper walkthrough? Our editors recommend pairing this with McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y for a worked example you can adapt to your assignment.

Underlying concept

Concept · Management & Organization McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

More practice in Management & Organization

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