- A.Product, Price, Place, Promotion — the four levers a marketer pulls to deliver a value proposition to a target segment.
- B.The 4 Ps plus People, Process, and Physical Evidence — used when marketing services rather than goods.
- C.Choosing which segment(s) of a segmented market to serve, based on segment attractiveness and the firm's ability to win there. ✓
- D.Choosing which segment(s) of a segmented market to serve, based on segment attractiveness and the firm's ability to win there.
Target Marketing is choosing which segment(s) of a segmented market to serve, based on segment attractiveness and the firm's ability to win there. The other options describe related but distinct concepts in Marketing Fundamentals — see the deep-dive guide for the full distinction.
How to think about questions like this
Resources are finite — you cannot win every segment. Questions like this test whether you can distinguish Target Marketing from neighboring concepts. The most common trap is choosing a closely-related concept that sounds similar but applies in a different context.
When you see a definition question on an exam, do two things: (1) translate the question into your own words, then (2) generate the answer in your own words before reading the options. This avoids the cognitive bias of recognizing a familiar phrase as correct just because it is familiar.