QPractice question
In the IBM's 1990s turnaround example, IBM's 1990s turnaround primarily demonstrates which concept?
  1. A.Situational Leadership
  2. B.Kotter's 8-Step Change Model
  3. C.Lewin's 3-Step Change Model ✓
  4. D.Organizational Structure Types
Why this answer:

IBM's 1990s turnaround is the textbook illustration of Lewin's 3-Step Change Model. The detailed walkthrough is in the concept guide. The other options are valid concepts but do not match the specific mechanics in this example.

How to think about questions like this

Application questions test whether you can connect a real-world example to the right framework. The trick is to ignore the surface details (industry, company name) and focus on the underlying mechanic the example illustrates.

For Lewin's 3-Step Change Model specifically, look for the signal: The simplest and most-cited model in change management. That signal is what distinguishes the right answer from plausible-sounding alternatives.

Editor's note Want a deeper walkthrough? Our editors recommend pairing this with Lewin's 3-Step Change Model for a worked example you can adapt to your assignment.

Underlying concept

Concept · Management & Organization Lewin's 3-Step Change Model

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